Tuesday, May 26, 2020
The Benefits of Concept Definition Essay Topics
The Benefits of Concept Definition Essay Topics New Questions About Concept Definition Essay Topics The large part of your essay is the assortment of your topic, if you've selected a topic that's very controversial, then, it will be useful for you. As a way to create a brilliant essay, it's required to pick a topic that interests you so that you are inclined and prepared to plunge in the research. You can pick any of the suggested topics to create an intriguing definition essay. When picking a definition essay topic, you have to understand the topic before you pen the essay for other people to read. Facts, Fiction and Concept Definition Essay Topics Such kind of writing does not require a normal thesis. There are various philosophy paper topics, so it may be hard to pick the one which can help you earn a great grade. You have to be wondering what makes philosophy papers different from the remainder of the writing tasks you get at college. You might want to know that psyc hology demands philosophy. The Downside Risk of Concept Definition Essay Topics The standard of definition paper is contingent on the topic you pick. The teacher may offer several words to discuss to create the paper longer. As it's such a huge subject, you are going to want to narrow your paper down to a particular angle. In the next article you're going to be in a position to locate numerous flabbergasting post-graduate, graduate, undergraduate philosophy paper topics that you're going to be capable of using as a way to compose your special bit of writing. What Does Concept Definition Essay Topics Mean? For the large part, nonetheless, your essay should describe the notion of economy and think about why economics have started to take up such an important part in social studies. The seventeenth century was the start of a modern era for France and for nearly all of the eastern world. The Greeks, on the flip side, were a society full of thought and in a number of other face ts of life. Essay writing is regarded as a talent. Essay writing guideline will allow you to create a winning one. There is an extensive array of definition essay ideas a student could utilize to compose an essay about. Among the different kinds of essay, there's a definition essay that could appear to be among the most simple assignments. Among the things to contemplate in essay writing is to understand how to begin an essay. A concept essay is a sort of a literary essay piece that's utilized to present an idea or a topic with the sole goal of providing a very clear definition and explanation. When you wish to explain an idea, you must have the correct quantity of vocabulary so you can explain your thoughts in great information. At length, you define what the term isn't, which can help further clarify the meaning to the reader. To get the maximum grade for your essay, you need not just to fill it with pertinent info and dependable facts or examples from your own personal life. If You Read Nothing Else Today, Read This Report on Concept Definition Essay Topics Regardless of the sort of te rm being defined, there are 3 significant measures that have to be followed when completing a definition paper. While trying to define or explain a notion, you must bear in mind that concrete (real world) concepts are lots simpler to explain than abstract ones. The next thing to do is to research the idea. Focus on the idea of economy. The Appeal of Concept Definition Essay Topics A definition essay is much as with any other report except that it requires students to execute a particular task working with a specific report format. What's more, you can make well deserved top marks by obeying the directions below on how to compose a definitive essay. Similar to any other essay, a definition one has its peculiarities and content requirements that should be met to be successful in the writing. There is not going to be a last examination. You may write Definition Essay for a course or only attempt writing it to increase your English abilities, make it something like a language ch allenge. Regardless, it's far better to fulfill your vocabulary by looking for its meaning and revealing new knowledge in another kind of academic writing definition essay. It is possible to turn into a word artist with the aid of your pen or computer only! So keep on reading to discover some helpful methods and techniques on definition essay writing. Your essay might incorporate the explanations for teen pregnancy and talk about the recent rates of teen pregnancy and potential solutions. There are an endless number of words which can be defined in the period of an essay. Otherwise, it is best to switch to another one. Consider two basic sorts of definition essays. Rephrase the key portions of the definition and be sure you summed up everything you planned on saying. If you need assistance with a definition essay, or just do not have a sufficient amount of time to write it by yourself, no worries! To start with, your key to winning essay is a crystal clear comprehension o f what it is that you're likely to take care of. Place an order today to receive your definition essay punctually. The Concept Definition Essay Topics Pitfall You will learn the way to compose a definition essay, how to select the topic you love the most, how to deal with defining the intricate provisions. Definition essay explains the significance of a word or an idea. A definition essay is a particular sort of assignment that simply explains the significance of a specific term. Separate the various parts of the definition into separate paragraphs. An extensive type consists of issues which aren't referents of the notion. Mention the way the definition you were speaking about affected you. Instead, you should explain the significance of the word in your terms. Your essay might think about the ways a definition of friendship evolves as an individual gets older, and you may think about what exactly is or isn't critical in a friend. Defining a great partner means you will have to choose what qualities an individual must have in order to be appropriate for you. You ought to think about what their expectations are and what type of concept essay topics could possibly be appealing to them. For example, if the topic of your paper is associated with friendship, the definition essay body paragraphs will describe this phenomenon in various facets. Sometimes people just can't begin writing their essay without looking at a whole illustration of somebody else, seeing the structure and the way it's written. Naturally, you may use all o f your imagination, but nevertheless, it is only going to lead to wordiness. Usually, it's simpler to write about real word concepts in comparison with abstract ones. It's only logical to presume that the absence of understanding of the subject prevents you from communicating your ideas in a very clear and persuasive way. The Downside Risk of Concept Definition Essay Topics Definition essays are merely one of many different report types that students are inclined to be assigned. The level to which our metaphysical worldview is correct is the level to which we are in a position to comprehend the Earth, and act accordingly. In most instances, you're writing for your instructor and classmates, but it's vital to consider different individuals who might be considering your subject. Students are anticipated to come punctually.
Monday, May 18, 2020
Holiday Shopping Safety Tips
The holiday season is a time when people can become careless and vulnerable to theft and other holiday crimes. People are often in a rush buying gifts, decorating their homes, visiting friends or traveling. There is a big increase in the number of people that are out and about shopping at the malls and grocery stores, packing the parking lots, grabbing taxis, filling up the seats on rapid transit and waiting in lines at ATM machines. Late Nights Many stores extend hours late into the night. People head to the stores after work, then at closing time, you see them emerging with the dazed eyes of sleepwalkers. Amazingly, then the mall parking lots empty out in record time and within minutes become deserted. Without fail, there are always a handful of people wandering the lots alone, looking for where they parked their cars or digging through handfuls of shopping bags searching for their lost car keys. To normal, law-abiding people, all of this kind of holiday hoopla and pressure is just part of the festive mood of the season. And all the gaiety, unfortunately, also tends to cause people to let their innate sense of caution temporarily fall by the wayside. Why Thieves Love the Holiday Season All the hustle and bustle going on over the holidays gives thieves what they want, almost as much as an unlocked bank vault, and that is the opportunity to become invisible. By being as nondescript as possible, they can move through big crowds of rushed and distracted people without anyone noticing them. They can pickpocket and shoplift and when their victims realize that they have been robbed, they will have no idea who did it.Ã In most communities, the police work additional hours during November and December. They are kept busy the increase in traffic accidents, home fires, bar fights, and family disputes. Also, during the month of December, more people die of natural causes than any other time of the year. Police often have to change their regular routines and leave the nightly patrol through neighborhoods to answer emergency calls. Thieves Feed on Opportunities Thieves know that the police are overloaded during the holiday season and they take full advantage it. They thrive on the fact that the police and stores loss prevention staff have their hands full with amateur thieves who are hauled to jail for trying to steal from the electronics departments or waiting for the parents of pre-teens who pocketed the latest video game. In the meantime, the professional thieves are busy breaking into cars in the parking lots to steal gifts, cell phones, and electronics, or stalking and robbing or scamming the people who are alone. Some thieves prefer burglarizing homes. They spend their time walking neighborhoods, looking for houses that appear that the homeowners are away. Darkened homes nestled between neighbors with front yards bursting with holiday lights will draw their attention. Having the kids off from school is another concern because of the number of unsupervised teens hanging around without anything to do. Homes within neighborhoods are broken in more times by young male teens that live in or near the neighborhood. They often choose a home and then hang out to see when the homeowners leave each day. They might be so brazen and ring the doorbell, then pretend to try to sell something if anyone answers. How to Keep From Becoming a Holiday Crime Victim The following tips can help you be more careful, prepared and aware during the holiday season. Try to shop during the day, but if you do shop at night, do not do it alone.Dress casually and comfortably.Avoid wearing expensive jewelry.Do not carry a purse or wallet, if possible. Consider bringing a security travel pouch instead.Always carry your drivers license or identification along with necessary cash, checks and/or a credit card you expect to use.Recognize when you are rushed, distracted and stressed out, and stay alert to what is going on around you.Avoid carrying large amounts of cash.Pay for purchases with a check or credit card when possible.Keep cash in your front pocket.If you discover that a credit card is missing, notify the credit card company as soon as possible. Dont assume that you misplaced it and will find it later.Keep a record of all of your credit card numbers in a safe place at home.Be extra careful if you do carry a wallet or purse. They are the prime targets of criminals in crowded shopping areas, terminals, bus stops, on buses and other rapid transit.Av oid overloading yourself with packages. It is important to have clear visibility and freedom of motion if you are approached.Beware of strangers approaching you for any reason. At this time of year, con-artists may try various methods of distracting you, including working in teams, with the intention of taking your money or belongings.
Friday, May 15, 2020
The Secret to Success of Sumerian Civilization - Free Essay Example
Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 654 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2019/07/01 Category History Essay Level High school Topics: Gilgamesh Essay Did you like this example? A culture brings together people by sharing social habits, language, religion, behaviors, and interactions. The Epic of Gilgamesh introduces us to the magnificent Sumerian Civilization. They invented and gave meaning to the idea of what a civilization truly consisted of; however, to create a well-functioning civilization, values, moral ideas, and social behavior rules need come to together as one and be practiced by the people. I will be expanding on the moral ideas that Sumerians believed in such as religion, strict social hierarchies, and assigned tasks and responsibilities according to gender. Sumerians are believed to have arrived before 3000 B.C. Villages consisted of reed-huts and sun-dried brick houses which they inherited from the illiterates who lived there before. They were the first literate inhabitants of Mesopotamia and were gifted people who influenced laws, language, and ideas. Worshipping the gods and religion were important rituals in their lives. They were strong believers that prayer and sacrifice would bring them closer to the gods. It was crucial for every city to have these beautiful buildings decorated with mosaics and reliefs called ziggurat (temples), strictly dedicated to worship. In relation to religion, divine kingship was a sacred moral idea that they practiced as well. Sumerians had set expectations for their rulers to live up to; this was known as the ideal Shepherd Kingship. Rulers were expected to protect civilians from invasions, provide safety and well-being to their people on behalf of the gods. Donââ¬â¢t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Secret to Success of Sumerian Civilization" essay for you Create order A social hierarchy was another important idea in Sumerian culture. An individuals rank was a sufficient way to determine what was proper and ethical in society. The top of the social triangle began with the upper-class nobles such as priests, government officials and most importantly warriors. Then followed skilled workers like merchants, traders, and artisans and at the bottom of the triangle were slaves. Priests and upper-class men would often give work to the poor and hire slaves to maintain their crops and give them responsibility on all manual labor. Those at the top of the social structure had the idea that slaves were given by the gods to give people with more power victory to have control of those inferior to them. As mentioned before, social hierarchy was crucial and important to Sumerians. Within the social structure, believe it or not, some wealthy with a higher economic status had the opportunity to learn how to read and write for them to represent their families in business and legal matter. Lower-income women were held responsible for the maintenance of households and child-care. They could not attend school; instead, they stayed home, learned household chores and as they got older, prepare themselves for marriage. As for the male population, power was given to them much easier because of their gender. They were in power of their wives actions; they could sleep with other women that werent their wives and dominated their lives. Here is an example of King Gilgamesh mistreating womens values and still being considered a king in The Epic of Gilgamesh, anonymous author states, His lust leaves no virgin to her lover, neither the warriors daughter nor the wife of the noble; yet this is the shepherd of the city, wise, comely, and resolute. In current times, there is a high chance a ruler or a man with higher power doing something like this could create chaos and debate but its important to remember that ancient times held different values than the ones in society now. Despite the differences between our engraved values, the Sumerian culture deserves respect and appreciation for their incredible inventions gifted to modern society. Some being fundamental like writing, geometry, and architecture, others being inventions that have changed the way people see the world in modern time. Sumerians successful developments formed an organized civilization along with innovations that are used even in our world today and will continue to influence future civilizations decades and decades from now and beyond.
Wednesday, May 6, 2020
Essay about Utilitarianism Explanation And Study of...
Utilitarianism: Explanation And Study of Criticisms The dictionary definition of Utilitarianism is: The doctrine that the greatest happiness of the greatest number should be the guiding principal of conduct. When making a moral decision, we should look at the outcome of an action. Whatever brings the greatest happiness to the most people is the morally right decision. It is a consequentialist principal where the majority rules. It is also relative as each situation is looked at differently and will have a different outcome. Utilitarianism is known as the theory of utility. The meaning of utility is usefulness. Each action is judged by its usefulness in bringing about desired consequences.â⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Act utilitarianism is concerned with individual acts, while rule utilitarianism is concerned with the rules we follow when we act. Act utilitarians think that we should do whatever act will bring about the most good and the least bad. Rule utilitarians think that we should follow rules that will bring about the greatest good and the least bad for everyone affected. Preference utilitarianism focuses on the inclination of the people involved. The act utilitarian believes that we cannot establish general rules because people and situations are all different. Problems for act utilitarianism include the following: We cant always know what is good for others. It takes too long to work out what to do. We cannot teach others how to act if there are no rules to follow. The rule utilitarian believes that there are enough similarities among people and situations to justify setting up general rules to govern our actions. Problems for rule utilitarians include the following: Its hard to be sure that the rules will bring about the best consequences for all affected Its hard to avoid making exceptions to the rules The best rule might just be to be an act utilitarian. Preference utilitarianism is also not a totally secure theory because it is difficult to predict the inclinations of the party concerned.Show MoreRelatedUtilitarianism, By John Stuart Mill1372 Words à |à 6 PagesAct Utilitarianism is a long standing and well supported philosophical argument that when boiled down to its most basic elements, can be described as creating ââ¬Å"the greatest good for the greatest numberâ⬠(122). Such was the sentiment of John Stuart Mill, one of act utilitarianismââ¬â¢s (also known as just utilitarianism) greatest pioneers, and promoters. Mills believed that his theory of always acting in a way that achieved the greatest net happiness was both superior to other philosophical theories andRead MoreThe Theory Of Utilitarianism By John Stuart Mill1659 Words à |à 7 Pagesmaking represents the theory of utilitarianism. Utilitarianism is a theory, in the simplest form of choosing pleasure over pain, established by Jeremy Bentham and further dev eloped with other philosophers, most notably by John Stuart Mill. The use of utility obtains calculated values from multiple circumstances, ranging from the intensity to the extent of pain and pleasure that becomes involved within the decision. A large controversial topic involving utilitarianism is terminal illness and whetherRead MorePHL 215 Version 6 Moral Social And Political Philosophy Matrix And Essay Parts 1 2 2 2993 Words à |à 4 Pages Definition Historical Developments Schools Of Thought Key Contributors Principal Issues Moral Principals of right and wrong in behavior and ethical code Good moral judgment, The philosophical study of moral judgments- value judgments about what is virtuous or base, just or unjust and morally right or wrong, morally sound or unfair or evil, morally proper or improper. Self - Realism Meta-ethics Naturalistic, Conceptions How moralsRead MoreEthical Theories And Principles Of Medical Ethics Essay2030 Words à |à 9 Pagesbe endorsed using rules that can be approved of impartially. Hint: Although this is possible, it is not care ethics position. Instead, care ethics thinks that what is important is that morality resides in particular relationships. Question 1 Explanation: Bernard Williams has said that asking to justify saving one s spouse over a stranger is asking one question too many. In other words, even if one can justify saving one s spouse in utilitarian or deontological terms, it is the wrong way to justifyRead MoreEssay on Worldcom Fraud1354 Words à |à 6 PagesMany supporters of Ebbers still questioned how much of a role he actually played in masterminding the WorldCom scandal. The question still remains if greed was his motive, why didnââ¬â¢t Mr. Ebbers sell more stock? One explanation could be utilitarian based reasoning. Utilitarianism, the consequentiality theory most widely accepted, and put forward by Jeremy Bentham and, later, John Stuart Mill suggests that an action is right if it maximizes happiness for the greatest number of people over the longRead MoreThe Theory Of Moral Realism1720 Words à |à 7 Pagesto have impact on modern thought. In Mooreââ¬â¢s seminal work Principia Ethica, he presents several arguments that form the basis of realist thought, specifically his description of intrinsic good and the introduction of the naturalistic fallacy as a criticism of ethical philosophies that define ââ¬Å"goodâ⬠in natural terms. In this paper, I will present and describe Mooreââ¬â¢s view of intrinsic good and the naturalistic fallacy. I will then argue that this definition of good and the use of the naturalistic fallacyRead MoreFrancis Bacon Essay example1282 Words à |à 6 Pages(Zagorin). Furthermore, Baconââ¬â¢s studies of Science brought him to conflict with Aristotelian philosophy (specific axioms on scientific theology) which seemed incomplete and dry to him (ââ¬Å"Francis Baconâ⬠). He denounced the prominent theories of Aristotle and helped develop his own set of principles to enable a more efficient form of thinking. Two tenets that had been determined by his works are innovative research in science, medicine, philosophy law and criticism of/toward institutions, and valuesRead MoreUnderstanding Ethics Through Cavell s Moral Perfectionism2162 Words à |à 9 PagesUltimately the aim of this reasoning is to reach an agreement over a certain conclusion, however even to this day philosophers fail to achieve a consensus with regards to which ethical system is the most effective. Some normative theories such as Utilitarianism and Kantianism offer competing interpretations concerning the question of ââ¬Ëwhat ought we to doââ¬â¢. They construct specific systems and principles in their attempts to answer questions about the morality of actions. Contrarily, Cavellââ¬â¢s moral perfectionismRead More Does Life Have a Meaning? Essay3084 Words à |à 13 Pagesan animal consists in its psyche , thus offering a principle of explanation which determines the morphological development of an organism in terms of teleological causation. Although vitalism is currently perceived as having been largely overwhelmed by modern scientific thinking, there remain problems of some magnitude to which scientific solutions or explanations have yet to be found. These may be felt to support the criticism often levelled at science, that it is descriptive rather than analyticalRead MoreWhy People Go Out And Commit Crimes1830 Words à |à 8 Pagesattempt to understand why people go out and commit crimes. If one were to study what would be considered a ââ¬Å"mainstreamâ⬠theory, they would find that they typically do not pertain to women offenders. Take heed, however, that feminist theories of criminology do exists, but the application of the more accepted theories was usually assumed to only pertain to communities as a whole or just to men. None really offer an explanation for female offending. The question then becomes: how do we apply mainstream
The Ethical Dilemma Of Abortion - 1102 Words
What determines what is ethical and what is not? Can someone determine what is right simply relying on what they feel? Or does something drive them to know what is wrong or right? In the case of abortion, one would may ask: Is the fetus a person? At what stage in its development does, it becomes a person? Does any women have the right to decide if she is going to carry the baby to term or not? (Boyle, 2004) This paper will identify the ethical dilemma of abortion, core beliefs of abortion, and possible resolutions, through the eyes of the Christian worldview, and how other worldview may react to abortion. Ethical Dilemma Susan is a young woman whom has wanted to have a baby for many years. She is very excited that she finally gets pregnant. After a blood test indicates that her baby would be born with Down syndrome, her doctors suggest she should have an abortion (Dawkins, 2014). The ethical dilemma Susan is facing is to terminate her pregnancy because her child will have a more difficult life then other children or to keep the baby she has wanted for so long. Does she have an abortion or does she have the baby knowing he or she will suffer with Down syndrome. Some would believe that it would be immoral to bring a baby into the world if she knew the kind of suffering the child would experience (Dawkins, 2014). However, on the other hand people believe that the baby is still a gift from God and should have the opportunity to live. Susan could choose not to have the babyShow MoreRelatedAbortion Ethical Dilemma1643 Words à |à 7 PagesAbortion Ethical Dilemma An 18 year old girl gets pregnant and canââ¬â¢t decide whether to keep the baby or have an abortion. Her parents are very religious and do not believe in sex before marriage therefore would not take to kindly to their daughter being pregnant. She does not want to kill her unborn child but feels like there is no other option besides having an abortion. There are many reasons that one would decide upon getting an abortion and againstRead MoreThe Ethical Dilemma Of Abortion1163 Words à |à 5 PagesThere are many ethical dilemmas in the world today such as euthanasia, performance enhancing drugs, pornography, abortion and more. Someoneââ¬â¢s worldview is often a big contributor in the decisions they make in regards to the dilemma. Abortion is one of todayââ¬â¢s most contested ethical dilemmas (Beattie, 2011). Susan is a mother that is debating whether she should have an abortion or not. Her ethical dilemma case will be analyzed and compared from a Christian worldview perspective and other worldly perspectivesRead MoreThe Ethical Dilemma On Abortion1703 Words à |à 7 PagesMuldrow CWV-101 6/22/15 Professor James Waddell Ethical Dilemma on Abortion There are many common pregnancy alternatives, but most often the resulting decision is abortion because it is effortless. Abortion is endings a womenââ¬â¢s pregnancy by removing or forcing a fetus or embryo from the motherââ¬â¢s womb before it is able to survive on its own. Not all abortions are purposely done some are spontaneous like when a women that has a miscarriage. Rather abortion is done purposely or naturally it is a worldwideRead MoreThe Ethical Dilemma Of Abortion1036 Words à |à 5 PagesBenchmark Assignment: Ethical Dilemmas One of the most controversial dilemmas occurring today is the topic of abortion. Some believe that a pregnant woman has the choice to end the life of their unborn child if the mother decides that this is what she wants, especially because the child has not been born and walked this earth yet. Others feel that if the woman chooses to have an abortion, the woman would be considered a murderer because she is ending the life of another human. There is also the grayRead MoreThe Ethical Dilemma Of Abortion1312 Words à |à 6 PagesInduced abortion is the deliberate ending of a pregnancy before the fetus is viable or capable of surviving outside a femaleââ¬â¢s body. Abortion has been practiced in every culture since the beginning of civilizationâ⬠(Kaplan, Tischauser Chara, 2015). Abortion is one of many controversial issues. It is a topic that is widely debated among many people. Abortion is a difficult topic of discussion, when the baby is a product or rape, or has Down syndrom e or deformities. According to my Christian worldviewRead MoreThe Ethical Dilemmas Of Abortion930 Words à |à 4 PagesBenchmark Assignment: Ethical Dilemmas Abortion is one of the most controversial topics in the world today. There are many reasons and debates as to when, why or if a woman should have an abortion. One of the most controversial debates on this is when a woman finds out that their unborn child may have a deformity of some sort. In this paper, I will talk about abortion due to a woman carrying a child with Downs Syndrome and how this can be an immoral decision. Ethical Dilemma A woman named Susan hadRead MoreThe Ethical Dilemma Of Abortion1319 Words à |à 6 PagesAbortion is a divisive problem in our time, and it is one that is difficult to solve as each side comes from very different initial premises. As Judith Jarvis Thomson points out, anti-abortionists rely on the premise that foetusââ¬â¢ are persons, and therefore are morally equivalent to human beings.1 Conversely, pro-choice advocates typically come from the premise that, as Mary Anne Warren suggests ââ¬Å"foetuses are neither persons nor members of the moral community.â⬠The key ethical schism, is around theRead MoreAbortion: An ethical dilemma.1944 Words à |à 8 PagesAbortion, the intentional termination of a pregnancy through surgical or medical devices, was legalized in 1973. This issue of abortion has caused a great segregation in our country. Often the debate is thought to be conservative versus liberal, republican versus democrat, but more accurately it is pro-life versus pro c hoice. A pro-life stance opposes the belief that a woman should have the freedom to choose an abortion in the case that for any reason she does not want to have a baby. Pro-choiceRead MoreAn Ethical Dilemma About Abortion Essay1496 Words à |à 6 Pageswill be faced with some sort of dilemma that tests their morals and values. They will encounter a situation that forces them to weigh the good and bad against beliefs they have held their entire life and make a decision that could affect their life forever. Those core beliefs are what influences the personââ¬â¢s decisions, their sense of right and wrong as well as their perceptions about every situation they face. This paper will evaluate an ethical dilemma about abortion in relation to the Christian worldviewRead More Ethical Dilemmas Surrounding Abortion Essay1430 Words à |à 6 PagesEthical Dilemmas Surrounding Abortion In our society, there are many ethical dilemmas that we are faced with that are virtually impossible to solve. One of the most difficult and controversial issues that we are faced with is abortion. There are many strong arguments both for and against the right to have an abortion which are so complicated that it becomes impossible to resolve. The complexity of this issue lies in the different aspects of the argument. The essence of a person, rights, and who
Acute Myocardial Infarction Cardiovascular Disease Prevention
Question: Mr King is a 68-year-old gentleman with a history of hypertension and coronary heart disease who has been admitted onto the coronary care unit following a sudden onset ofchest tightness/ pain, nausea and perfuse sweating.His blood pressure is fluctuating between ranges of 100/50, 90/65 and 150/95.Pulse rate is irregular and ranges between 60, 95 and 115.Oxygen saturation level is 9.Qro. Respiratory Rate 22 and he is finding it difficult to breathe.He has been diagnosed with an AcuteMyocardial Infarction,his angiogram has revealed a compete occlusion of the left coronary artery.The aim of his treatment is to restore blood flow to the coronary arteries and the heart muscle.Therefore an angioplasty (stenting) was performed.Explain conduction pathways in the heart.Identify the different stages of the cardiac cycle. Answer: Introduction Heart is an important part of human body regulating different functions including the central function of circulatory system. The circulatory system helps in circulation of blood in each and every part of the human body, making it most important part of human body systems(Torrent et al, 2005). The heart is a part of the circulatory system which is quite complex due to structural and functional attributes. The current case study described above deals with one cardio-vascular system disorder known acute myocardial infraction. The subject of this case study is a 68 year male who has been admitted to coronary unit post complaining of chest pain, profuse sweating and difficulty and breathing. Patient medical history reveals subject was a patient of coronary heart disease and hypertension. Initial diagnosis concluded as a case of acute myocardial infarction from fluctuating blood pressure, heart rate and oxygen saturation levels as mentioned in the case. . On further investigation through angiogram, he was found to have an occlusion in left artery demanding Stenting. Post stenting it is very important to monitor the patient heart status and circulatory system. Form, nursing point of view, the rationale behind the intervention must be understood in order to address complications if raised any. Thus, this piece of case study analysis deals with a basic understanding of acute myocardial infarction, left artery occlusion as a causal factor, consequences, importance of restoration of blood flow to the coronary arteries and heart. Pathway of Analysis The case study analysis will following pathway in order to provide the reader clear view of the medical disorder in context of cardiovascular system.Brief description of structure of heart- circulation of blood to and fro from heart, different functions of arteries, capillaries and veins, risk factors (abnormal heart rate) and it effect upon subject heart muscle, blood pressure maintenance mechanism and reason behind fluctuation of blood pressure in subject. Body The heart is a four chambered organ about fist size located in a floral cavity (mediastinum) left on the Sternal bone. The upper two chambers and lower two chambers of the heart are called as atria and ventricles respectively. The wall separating the both sides having atrium and ventricles is known as septum. The pumping action of heart which pumps blood to different parts of the heart. The orientation of blood to right direction is maintained by the valves resent n both side of heart (Hinton and Yutzey, 2011). The heart contains the following parts with functions shown in brief below. The bundle of his: these are the muscle fibers that begin from the atriovetricular node and reaches to the interventricular septum. Its function is to conduct electrical impulse and regulates the heart beat. The AV node: The function of AV node is to pass electrical signals obtained from atria to the ventricles. It also controls the heart rate. The SA node: It is one of the major elements in the conduction of the different cardiac systems. It also functions as controlling heart rate. It conduct electrical impulses through the heart muscles resulting into stimulation of heart to contract and pump blood. Tricuspid valve situated in between right atrium and ventricle to prevent back flow of the blood. Pulmonary valve situated between pulmonary artery and right ventricle. Mitral valve which is located between left atrium and left ventricle. Aortic valve present between left ventricle and aorta. The tricuspid valve and mitral valve forms atrioventricular valves which allow blood to flow from atrium to ventricles. The role of these atrio-ventricular valves is to allow blood to pass through but inhibit regurgitation of blood. The other two valves are categorized under semilunar valves due to their structural resemblance with a half moon. These two valves are present in between ventricles and arteries, which pumps the blood away from the heart. On the right side of the heart, pulmonary valve can be found which prevents back flow of blood pulmonary trunk to the right ventricle. On the contrary, aortic valve indicates towards valve present on the left side of the heart which prevents back flow of blood from the aorta to the left ventricle (McDonagh, 2011).The atrio-ventricular valves attach with strong string like structures known as code tendinae. Unlike these valves, the semilunar valve doesnt have chordae tendinae to hold them and depends upon blood pressure to shut back for proving blood regurgitation.The above mentioned parts of heart constitutes major parts, the other parts include different nodes, lining of heart, artery veins and capillaries.To understand the cardiovascular disorder of the male subje ct, understanding of normal blood circulation is an essential part of case study analysis. Thus, these parts address the blood circulation pathway in heart and links to the current case to reveal what led such medical condition. The main objective of heart, circulatory system is to supply oxygenated blood to different parts of the body. During the contraction, the blood gets pushed through two different systems or loops. The first loop is known as systemic loop where heart pumps oxygenated blood to different parts of the body, organs, tissues and cells and collects carbon-di-oxide waste. In the second loop system known as pulmonary loop, the carbon di oxide collected is deposited in lungs and new oxygen molecules are picked by the blood. The systemic and pulmonary cycle of heart are controlled by left and right side of heart(John, 2011). The systemic loop initiates as soon as oxygenated blood from lungs enter the upper left chamber of heart into right atrium. Post filling of left atrium, due to pressure the mitral valve opens and the blood flows from left atrium to left ventricles. During the contraction of heart, the blood from left ventricles goes to aorta. Aorta is regarded as largest artery in the body. The blood brought down by the aorta goes to different parts of the body through different arteries and capillaries. The used blood are carried by a network of veins to the heart. All the blood used by the body are returned to heart through major two veins- superior vena cava which collects blood from upper part of the body and inferior vena cava which collects blood from lower region of the body. Both these veins empty the collected blood to the right atrium of the body (Murray, Dalley and Agur, 2013). After the blood reaches the right atrium the pulmonary cycle begins. Through tricuspid valve, the right atrium pumps the blood to right ventricle. With contraction of the ventricle, the blood from right ventricle enters into pulmonary artery where it gets bifurcated into two sub branches. One leading to right lungs and one leading to left lungs. Through pulmonary veins, the oxygenated fresh blood enters into the left atrium to be pumped out of the heart(Star, Evers, Star, 2012). Although, both the cycles are different in mechanism they occur at same time point. The heart contractions initiates at atria where the blood enters from atria to ventricles. The ventricles contract to push the blood out of the heart to lungs and to different parts of the body. The heart muscle relaxes after this and allows the deoxygenated blood from different parts of the body to be collected and fill the atria again. Thus, this is the normal circulatory physiology which helps in supply of oxygen to different parts of the body (Phibbs, 2007). The very first manifestation of acute myocardial infraction is life threatening arrhythmia which enhances the automacity of the myocardium. Further there occur electrolyte imbalance and hypoxic condition that also contributes towards development of severe cardiac arrhythmia. Arrhythmia is of many types such as ventricular tachycardia, total AV blocking and ventricular fibrillation. It has been reported that these arrhythmias has caused several sudden deaths in patients having acute coronary diseases. The peri-infarction arrhythmias may be developed due increased activity of sympathetic activity, increase in the concentrations of catecholamines circulating in the blood and their release in the heart muscles from nerve endings. This ultimately results into autonomic imbalance and promotion of the arrhythmias (Graham et al, 2011). The first few hours for the patients having acute myocardial infarction is very crucial as the chances of onset of atrial fibrillation are very high. There ca n be many causes for this such as LV failure, RV infarction and injury to atria. All these conditions lead to increased left atrial pressure that result into atrial fibrillation along with acute myocardial infarction. Prior to cardio version a mild anaesthesia or conscious sedation is advised, the later one is more preferred. Getting control on the ventricular response is the immediate objective for the patients with stable condition. A beta-blocker can be used for the patients having no risk of developing hypotension, such as metoprolol can be given intravenously in every five to ten minutes with the dose 5mg and the maximum dose can be of 15mg.Alternative to this is administration of diltiazem intravenously which decreases the rate of ventricular. However this particular medication should be used very carefully for the patients having moderate to severe heart problems (Graham et al, 2011). In the above case study the subject was diagnosed myocardial infarction and found left artery occlusion. An angioplasty was performed to restore the blood flow. An angioplasty was performed to restore the blood flow. Stroke can occur due to blockage of arteries. When arteries get blocked the damaged heart cells fails to receive blood and eventually dies. This leads to further damage and death of patient. Once the patient is brought under control an angioplasty or stenting is performed to remove the blockage therefore in the present case study it is quite essential to restore the blood flow to damaged portion of heart. Post stenting. The subject blood pressure fluctuates repeatedly. Therefore from nursing point of view, it is essential to know how blood pressure is monitored and regulated in human body. The human body has sensors which can sense blood pressure fluctuations in the body. These fluctuation are passed to heart, arteries, veins and kidneys whereby they make necessary changes to maintain the blood pressure. The two types of receptors which sense changes in blood pressure are baroreceptors and chemoreceptors. Baroreceptors which are located at carotid sinus used to sense arterial blood pressure. Chemoreceptors sense changes in oxygen and carbon-di-oxide levels at different parts. Chemoreceptors are present in aortic bodies and carotid bodies. Apart from these receptor systems, other systems such as cerebral cortex, limbic system, hypothalamus, passes information to the cardiovascular system if any condition rises which affects blood pressure. Such as aggression, fear, flight response, stress (Fox, 2008). If the following variables can be adjusted or changed, the blood pressure can be maintained. When the heart rate or stroke volume changes, it affects the cardiac output. The blood flow inside veins can be regulated either by vasodilation or vasoconstriction mechanisms. Change in length of blood vessel or blood thickness can alter the blood pressure too. The cardiovascular center regulates blood pressure either by regulating the diameter of the blood vessel or by regulating the cardiac output. This cardio vascular region is present in the medulla oblongata region. This cardiovascular region has three different regions which maintain blood pressure in three different ways. The cardiac center regulates cardiac output by changing the heart rate and contraction of blood vessels. The nerve impulses are conducted by sympathetic cardiac nerves. When heart rate needs to be decreased, it is regulated by parasympathetic nerves of cardiac center. The blood vessels diameter is regulated by vasomotor region of cardiac center. In general nerve impulses gets transmitted over sympathetic motor neurons which are known as vaso motor nerves, innervate the smooth muscles present in arteries in order to maintain the vasomotor tone i.e. a steady vasoconstriction status required in the region (Sherwood, 2008). Kidney also helps in maintaining the blood pressure. The renin angiotensin and aldosterone system maintains the blood pressure. When the blood pressure rises, renin is secreted by juxtaglomerular cells of kidney into the blood. The renin helps in conversion of plasma protein angiotensinogen to angiotensin I. Angiotensin I is converted into angiotensin II with the help of enzymes secreted by lungs. Angiotensin II raises blood pressure by two ways either by constriction of blood vessels secondly by releasing aldosterone which reduces urine output and increase blood pressure. Conclusion The above analysis showed how complex the cardiac system is and how it regulates different function in the body. This implicates, the nurse who will be taking care of the subject in the present case must have through understanding of pathophysiology as well as physiological functions of heart. References Fox, S. I. (2008).Human physiology. McGraw-Hill Higher Education. Hinton, R. B., Yutzey, K. E. (2011). Heart valve structure and function in development and disease.Annual Review of Physiology,73, 29-46. John, E. H. (2011). Guyton and Hall textbook of medical physiology. McDonagh, T. A., Gardner, R. S., Clark, A. L., Dargie, H. (Eds.). (2011).Oxford textbook of heart failure. Oxford University Press. Moore, K. L., Dalley, A. F., Agur, A. M. (2013).Clinically oriented anatomy. Lippincott Williams Wilkins. Sherwood, L. (2008).Human physiology: from cells to systems. Cengage Learning. Starr, C., Evers, C., Starr, L. (2012).Biology Today and Tomorrow with Physiology. Cengage Learning. Torrent-Guasp, F., Kocica, M. J., Corno, A. F., Komeda, M., Carreras-Costa, F., Flotats, A., ... Wen, H. (2005). Towards new understanding of the heart structure and function.European journal of cardio-thoracic surgery,27(2), 191-201.
Tuesday, May 5, 2020
Admission to nursing school free essay sample
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