Public health and road saftey Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Public health and road saftey - Essay Example This report will discuss the roles of public health in road safety with other sectors to achieve better solutions. The main purposes of public health are to protect, to prevent illness and injuries and to promote healthy lifestyle for the public sector (NPHP, 1997). It has sought to decrease the number of deaths and injuries of communicable and non-communicable diseases among the population, through not merely treating but also reducing the risk factor, education, screening, and other intervention (Wilson A., 2000). Therefore, public health has an essential function to play in road traffic to reduce these risks (WHO, 2004). These functions include: collecting data and evidence, analysing the causes, prevention, protection and promotion. Collecting data and evidence: The hospitals collect specific data in a systematic way as much as possible, on the road crashes injuries, and the methods to conduct the injuries observations and surveys. They have also focused on amount, range, charact eristics and consequences of the road traffic injuries (WHO, 2004). Obviously, it should be mentioned in this point that each sector, such as the police department, has different data needs and the collaboration between these data is important to cover all aspects of this issue to find better results (Binder. S., Runge J., 2004). Analysing the data The reason of studying the data of road traffic trauma in public health is to define the cause of mortality, morbidity and the effect of road traffic injuries on their family and the economy (WHO, 2004, Sleet D., Dinh-Zarr, T., Dellinger A., 2007). This can help the other sectors to determine where the real causes of accidents are. For example, road design, drivers’ behavior, etc., and thus obtains a comprehensive perception of this issue. Prevention and protection: Prevent and protect injuries in road traffic are the central aims of public health which can be achieved through enforcement of the decision-makers to consider the inju ries as an important issue and seek improved safety approaches for road traffic (Boss, A., Pikora, T., Daube, M.,2010). Experimental new methods that prevent and reduce the severity of injuries on road crashes are evaluated by the influences of these actions in them (World Report, WHO, 2004). In an example of this action, by using a speed camera, the use of seatbelts and motorcycle helmets increased. Moreover, participation in disseminating effective interventions (Binder. S, Runge J., 2004) establishes an awareness programs in human behavior, such as short broad cast about the impact of wrong behavioral action on roads. (EMSRRS1 report, 2009). Promotion: In this stage, public health allows all people to achieve healthy lifestyles and decrease the road risk to human health which occurs from environmental, economic, social and behavioral causes (Ottawa Charter, 1986). Conclusion Overall, public health should be in alliance with other sectors for share goal. Works cited Binder S., Run ge J., Road Safety and Public Health: A U. S. Perspective and the Global Challenge. Vol. 10, p 68-69. National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, United States Department of Health and Human Services, USA, 2004. Print. Boss, A., Pikora, T., Daube, M. Road Safety and Public Health Advocacy: The Way Forward. Public Health Adv

Information systems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Information systems - Essay Example Since Nucor Steel believes staunchly in its customers, it is essentially taking care of everyone under this umbrella. These include the shareholders, the communities as well as the people who buy and use their products. At Nucor Steel, organizational culture plays a very significant role towards knowledge creation and knowledge sharing since these dictate the message which is sent out to the customers, shareholders and the general public that makes use of the product after they have bought it. This in turn affects the overall performance of the company because the customers form the basis of the company’s growth and development. Social capital is defined as the networks that are existent amongst the people who reside as well as work in a specific society which essentially allows the society to go about functioning in an effective and efficient way (Morden 1995). From a personal perspective, social capital allows the people to connect with one another on a one to one level whil e in a professional perspective; they work alongside one another to achieve common goals and objectives. This social capital premise therefore decides the manner under which their linkages are ensured in the long run. As an example, Nucor Steel likes its people to connect both on a personal as well as a professional perspective to derive harmony for the business which in turns means strategically aligned better performance models. 2. Traditional financial accounting falls short in measuring the value of a company, especially for assessing strategic value of knowledge and capabilities. Why? Describe how knowledge accounting such as balanced scorecard may be used to solve this problem. Traditional financial accounting has often fallen short of measuring the real value of the company and more so for the sake of determining the long term value of knowledge and its

Assignment 1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 11

Assignment 1 - Essay Example He made various publications on nature such as the Catalogue of Cambridge Plants in the year 1660 and 1713’s Synopsis Methodica Avium et Piscium. Most of his publications were based on natural aspects such as fish, insects, mammals, plants, and birds. In his publications, he brought order to the mass of names that were in use by other naturalists. His greatest contribution and one that he is known for incorporates development of a classification system for different organisms. His classification system was the most original to classify flowering plants as either docots or monocots. Other naturalists such as Linnaeus classified the same under a single system; floral classification system. Ray’s classification was better and more precise because it expressed similarities as well as differences in a more fully manner. This system greatly influenced works by other botanists and replaced the systems based on one feature. This classification system is still relevant in the co ntemporary world indicating how important John Ray had been through his

Business Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 9

Business Plan - Essay Example orporate Affairs Commission (CAC)—the national regulatory body in charge of registration and monitoring of limited liability companies operating at national and international levels. A board of directors comprising 3 directors with limited share holdings will be reconstituted to meet the requirements of CAC. All Stars is entirely into agricultural production. The company purchased a plot of land in a village in Toro Local Government Area of neighbouring Bauchi State for the construction of fish ponds, livestock house, and 2 small warehouses. The company’s farm is located in another village in Bassa Local Government Area of Plateau State. The choice of the location was influenced by factors such as availability of cheap land and proximity to natural stream for perennial source of water. An administrative office is located in the city-centre of Jos. Except for animal feed concentrates and fertilizer, all other inputs and supplies are sourced locally within the village community. The business is currently financed using personal savings. Thus far over $8,700.00 has been invested from this source. To expand the business, however, the company has sought for a loan of $12,711.00 from 2 banks. This loan is payable in one year. The interest rate on the loan component from a private commercial bank ($8,474.50) is 17% while that on the credit component from an Agricultural and Cooperative bank ($4,236.50) is 8%. The transformation of the business into a Limited Liability Company will require constitution of a board of director. Each member of the board is expected to have limited number of shares as provided by law. This will also raise the running capital for the business. All Stars Farms is essentially into agribusiness. It has 3 major sections: the fish farm, a livestock and vegetable farm. The company’s production is seasonal and mainly for the open market. There is no plan for processing in this phase of the company’s expansion. Therefore, profitability of

Elements of Leadership Styles Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Elements of Leadership Styles - Coursework Example The characteristic features of a leader include his ability to withstand the opposition, make the right decisions, ability to hold on to the ground despite the difficulties, and unite people of different kind under one roof regardless of their social and racial differences. On a relatively different scale, the unions that are essential part of organizations seek a leader for putting forward their agendas and serving the rights of labors and workers. This form of leadership applies to the organizational leadership skills. The effective working of unions increases the throughput of the incumbent organization, at the same time lead to employees’ satisfaction. This all is subject to effective leadership skills (Daily, 2005). Leadership styles vary in nature, while some are carrot and stick based; others are purely incentive based, while the rest rely on equal treatment. The best amongst all are those that can bring the best out of an individual, be flexible and adaptive to the nature of changing environments all around (Mehrotra,

Is the Use of Animals in Research Ethical Essay

Is the Use of Animals in Research Ethical - Essay Example These arguments are true in some cases. However, it is almost impossible to stop using such animals because their use is of great importance for the survival of man and animals as well. This paper analyses the ethics of using animals during research, the anticipated audience being animal health experts. Animals are often used as substitutes for human volunteers and are important specimens through whom scientists can monitor reaction to various stimuli and other significant variables in complex organs and tissues. They are therefore important for the development of medicine or testing medicine before use in the large human and animal population. If this is not done, a large population of human beings and animals would have died from diseases or affected by certain drugs that were not tested before being released and this would have been more unethical. Basing on this evidence and facts, I hold to the position that the use of animals in research is ethical. This research is important b ecause it will help to bring to an end or minimize the strife that exists between scientists and groups that argue that the use of animals in research is unethical. ... Â  Evidence supporting the use of animals in research According to the British Royal Society (2004), virtually all achievements in the field of medicine during the 20th century are credited to the use of animals. Through their use, there have been great breakthroughs in the development of vaccines, antibiotics, anesthesia and numerous medicines for treating various diseases. Biomedical research would have required the use of human volunteers for testing. However, it should be noted that some of the experiments are very risky and the subjects could die and this could lead many legal issues. Therefore, animals provide a good alternative that allows scientists to observe reactions and do experimental manipulations on them in order to investigate mechanisms of normal functions and disease. This is the rationale behind the use of animals used in research. Apart from the risky nature of some experiments, there are also some other reasons that make the use of animals in research inevitable . The idea of shifting to the use of non-animal subjects in scientific experiments is very attractive and agreeable. However, there are some types of experiments that cannot be performed through the use of such alternatives. According to the Institute for Laboratory Animal Research (2004), even the most sophisticated type of computers are not able to model the interactions between cells, tissues, organs, molecules and organisms, and the environment. There are many types of researchers in which animals have been used. These are toxicology testing, pure research, basic or pure research, applied research, drug testing, education, defence, and breeding. Basic/pure research is used to investigate how organisms function, develop and behave.

King Claudius is one of the most interesting characters Essay Example for Free

King Claudius is one of the most interesting characters Essay King Claudius is one of the most interesting characters in William Shakespeares play, Hamlet. He is a man who is always preoccupied with maintaining his own power, rather than protecting his country, Denmark, from danger. Act IV is one of the most significant acts in Hamlet as it shows us how Claudius really thinks. In this act, we get a taste of Claudiuss malevolent taste and his obsession with power. Claudius is thus one of the more significant characters in this act, as this is where we see how his mind works and how he goes to extremes to regain his control over his people and the events that have recently occurred. One of the ways that Claudius maintains his power is by using other people to his own advantage, namely Rosencrantz and Guildenstern. Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are two indistinguishable courtiers who obey the Claudiuss every command. Claudius also uses them as his own personal spies, which is another good example of how he uses them to his own advantage. Hamlet reflects upon this in one of the best quotes in the play that properly describe Rosencrantz and Guildenstern: Besides, to be demanded a sponge! that soaks up the kings countenance, his rewards, his authorities: when he needs what you have gleaned, it is but squeezing you, and, sponge, you shall be dry again. 1 In this quote, Hamlet describes Rosencrantz and Guildenstern as sponges. This is quite a good comparison since sponges soak up water and then are re-used once they are squeezed, while Rosencrantz and Guildenstern gather up vital information for the king and then are re-used once their information is shared with the king. Another example of how Claudius attempts to regain control over the affairs occurring in Denmark is when Polonius is murdered by Hamlet. When Claudius hears about the murder, he begins to think politically in the way that the murder might ruin his kingship. He realizes that to solve this issue without threatening his position would require much work and skill: We must, with all our majesty and skill, / Both countenance and excuse. 2 Claudius, realizing that Hamlets original intent was actually to murder him3, decides to send Hamlet immediately to England in hope that the English king would murder him under Claudiuss request. This can be considered as a good example of how Claudius is obsessed with maintaining his political power. Since Claudius is now aware of Hamlets vengeful state, sending Hamlet to England may be considered as a good way to keep Hamlet away from Claudius. Another good reason to why Claudius sends Hamlet to be murdered in England and not in Denmark is because of fear of losing his political power. If Claudius decides to kill Hamlet, both Gertrude and the people of Denmark will hate him as they both love Hamlet very much, and thus, his kingship will be at stake. Yet must not we put the strong law on him: Hes loved of the distracted multitude, Who like not in their judgment, but their eyes; And where tis so, the offenders scourge is weighd But never the offence. To bear all smooth and even, This sudden sending him away must seem Deliberate pause 4 Another example of how Claudius regains his control over the events occurring in this act is when Laertes returns demanding to know who had killed his father. Claudius does not tell Laertes the culprit in front of Gertrude, fearing that she would turn against him. Instead, he decides to tell Laertes behind her back. It is at this time that Claudius and Laertes are informed that pirates have returned Hamlet to Denmark, this gives Claudius a chance to strike a deal with Laertes: If Claudius lets Laertes kill Hamlet, then Laertes will be under Claudiuss command. This is a bigger advantage for Claudius as it gets rid of Hamlet without affecting his kingship, and it keeps Laertes under his command. My lord, I will be ruled: The rather, if you could devise it so That I might be the organ. 5 Claudius thinks up a foolproof plan to murder Hamlet. He suggests that a fencing match be held between Laertes and Hamlet, with the exception of a sharpened sword given to Laertes rather than a blunt sword. He also adds that if Hamlet were to win, Claudius would give him a poisoned drink as congratulations to his victory. And he calls for drink, Ill have prepared him A chalice for the nonce; wherepon but sipping, If he by chance escape your venomd stuck, Our purpose may hold here. 6. This particular scene is extremely significant as it shows the reader how truly malevolent Claudius is and how far he would go to maintain his power. Claudius is one of the most important characters in Hamlet. He is a character of true power and hatred, who would go to any extreme just to maintain his power and his kingship. His obsession with absolute power is greatly portrayed in Act IV of Hamlet, making it one of the most important and vivid acts in the play. 1 William Shakespeare, Hamlet (Toronto: Harcourt Brace Company Canada Ltd, 1988), IV.ii. 13, 16-16, 20-22. 2 William Shakespeare, Hamlet (Toronto: Harcourt Brace Company Canada Ltd, 1988), IV. i. 31-33. 3 William Shakespeare, Hamlet (Toronto: Harcourt Brace Company Canada Ltd, 1988), IV. i. 13 4 William Shakespeare, Hamlet (Toronto: Harcourt Brace Company Canada Ltd, 1988), IV. iii. 3-9. 5 William Shakespeare, Hamlet (Toronto: Harcourt Brace Company Canada Ltd, 1988), IV. vii. 69-71. 6 William Shakespeare, Hamlet (Toronto: Harcourt Brace Company Canada Ltd, 1988), IV. vii. 160-163.