Significance of travel in Bashos Narrow Road Through the Backcountry Essay Example

Significance of travel in Bashos Narrow Road Through the Backcountry Essay Example Significance of travel in Bashos Narrow Road Through the Backcountry Paper Significance of travel in Bashos Narrow Road Through the Backcountry Paper Questing for Connections to the Past Waldo Ralph Emerson said Though we travel the world over to find the beautiful, we must carry it with us or we find it not. In Bash?Is Narrow Road through the Backcountry, exactly this sentiment is realized in the literary capture of North Japans natural beauties on his Journey for poetic enlightenment and motivation. This work is the story of the Journey that Basho began near the end of his life in order to attain inspiration for writing poetry, specifically in haiku-type forms. Bash? Is chosen path mirrored that of Saigy?, a well respected monk and poet, which ran through the ocations of residence and inspiration of various other notable Japanese poets and writers. The travel tale has long been held in high public regard and is widely known as one of the most iconic pieces of Japanese literature. Basho had a fascination with nature and a rare bond with his surroundings, but by pursuing the trail first blazed by Japanese poets of old, Saigy? in particular, Basho hoped to perfect his art and find inspiration by connecting to the locations of those poets inspiration from long before, and had a much greater impact than one could have predicted. One of the early encounters with a place formerly associated with a past figure that Basho describes poetically is the arrival to the Sunlit Mountain, Nikko. Basho explains that the mountain was named Nikko by Master Kukai, a monk who started a temple on this mountain. Basho also explains the significance of the mountains name and tells of how he feels Kukai has in a way predicted and blessed their trip. Observing the mountain exemplifies what Basho is trying to accomplish on this journey as he quickly scribbles down a self-admittedly simple and quick verse. Though simple, this is exactly what Basho is looking for: an opportunity to observe hat inspired the poets of old, which gives him the motivation to write. The works of Kukai had given him the basis for which to write upon. The haiku reads yes, how brilliant! /green leaves, young leaves/luminous within and without Kukai having named the mountain as the Sunlit Mountain, Basho would have never had the inspiration to write about the luminosity of the scene. Though no direct credit to Kukai or the mountain is mentioned in the poem, there is a direct link to both. At UnganJi, Basho is inspired to write about the hut of his former Zen meditation teacher, Butcho. A slightly melancholy haiku is written about the vacant, decrepit hut. This is a deep and emotional example of the inspiration that Basho sought. Evident in his haiku is the sadness from the lost connection to his Zen master alongside the majesty of the place which he is writing about, which combine for a beautiful piece of poetry. By no other force than by physically being at the site of the hut could a poem like that have been composed. Travel not only allows Basho to connect with the site which he is describing, but alsoin a more ethereal waywith his mentors and those ho preceded him. Most renown of these predecessor poets is Saigy? It, whom Basho modeled his path after. Along the way, various of Saigy? Its poetic inspirations and sites are mentioned and seen by Basho. Basho is particularly excited by one of these moving sites; the willow tree. In the eyes ot Bash? It, Saigy? It nas been immortalized in this tree and thus, standing in the shadow of the willows leaves and branches is like standing in the shadow of one of the great muses. This is a particularly rewarding experience for him, as Saigy? It is his guide and truest predecessor. This is reflected in the excitement of his writing about the experience of standing in his shadow. Various other times throughout Bash? Its text, Saigy? Its writings are referenced to help describe scenes about which Saigy? did not specifically write, which speaks to Bash? Its keeping of Saigy?Its writings and path in his mind throughout his Journey. A connection which is undeniably deeper than that with any other poet is made with Saigy? It because of this. Various other poets and their inspirations are mentioned throughout The Narrow Road Through the Backcountry: the Shirakawa checkpoint ritten about by Kanemori and Noin, and depicted in paintings by Kiyosuke and others, the twin pines in Takekuma, written about by Noin, the sites of old poetic inspiration which Kaemon tours Basho and Sora through, and a plethora of others. All of these sites possess their own feeling and give Basho unique motivations. Some of the places provide morose poetic inspiration, for which Basho is commonly known, while others cause the poet to drift away from his common tone and write in a much more upbeat manner; a testament to the true power of the natural beauty of Japan and impact of historical poets on Basho. This variety calls to the different inspirations which Basho was seeking. Instead of maintaining a stagnant style, as many of the less-travelled poets would have, Bash? Its Journey allows him to not only write about sights that he would have never otherwise experienced, but it also allows him to connect with other writing styles that he ordinarily may not have explored, causing a stark development of his own writing style. A common thread in all of Bash? Its inspirational writers, as pointed out by Haruo Shirane in the essay Double Voices and Bash? Its Haikai in Kerkhams Matsuo Bash?Its Poetic Spaces: Exploring Haikai Intersections, is that all of these writers are considered to be reclusive poets. Though the GenJi (the famous lovers), Ariwara no Narihira and Ono no Komachi were all well recognized and loved for their classical images in Japan, Basho aligned more with these less-renown, reclusive poets (Kerkham 1 11). This points to his history in Zen meditation and his monk-like lifestyle. Bash?Its Journey connects several of the residences of the recluse poets that he idealized before and allows him to unite the poetic forms and pasts of these poets into his own. By giving credit to these poetic redecessors in his works, Basho also changed the way that the ancients were perceived in Japan; causing the known poetic standards to shift from the classic writers of old to the reclusive writers Basho modeled (1 11). This shows the impact of not only the poets on Basho, but his effect on their legacies and the subsequent shift in future Japanese literature as a result. One of the major differences between Basho and the poets he follows is that Basho does not have the religious concerns of actually being a Buddhist monk, which allows him to write more freely. The religious oets had to be concerned with the Buddhist principles of renouncing the phenomenal world in which we live, while that often times met with the conflict of their love for the splendor of nature; this is particularly true of Saigy? It (67-68). In a way, then, Basho was able to take up the task that the priest poets likely would have enjoyed taking on, in being able to truly describe the full impact of nature. By the culmination ot the te xt, Basn? It provides haikus witn a much ditterent and generally upbeat tone, which speaks to his spiritual and intellectual enlightenment and overall hift in writing attitude and style. This enlightenment has been primarily generated by the writings of past poets and their inspirations, as evidenced by his poetry, which nearly always honors the writings and poets who wrote there before him, at some level. Bash? Its questing for inspiration had much larger implications than Just his self- development into a recognized poet, as it caused a dramatic change in the perception of classic Japanese literature and had a monumental impact on the future of Japanese texts. A path once blazed in the spirit of exploration and inspiration is gain used by Basho in the same means, but to a drastically different ends, largely due to the ability of the ancients to inspire and help him develop his art into a form that led to wide acceptance and yielded recognition for those ancients. word count: 1,346 Poets long past-on The long, enlightening road An inspiration Kerkham, Eleanor. Matsuo Bashos Poetic Spaces: Exploring Haikai Intersections. 1st ed. New York: Palgrave MacMillan, 2006. 66-68; 110-112. Print. Davis, Paul, et al. The Bedford Anthology of World Literature: The Modern World, Present. Compact Edition. Boston: Bedford/St. Martins, 2009. 122-155. Print.

Evaluation of corrosion rate AK80 and ZK60 Mg alloys Essay

Evaluation of corrosion rate AK80 and ZK60 Mg alloys - Essay Example (R.K. Sinnott, 2005) (2) Galvanic Corrosion- When two dissimilar metals are in contact in an atmosphere conducive to corrosion, then by its position in the electrochemical series one forms the anode and the other forms the cathode. The anode thus formed readily corrodes. This principle is used to protect the outside hull of ships by using sacrificial zinc anodes. By its position in the electrochemical series zinc forms the anode and undergoes material erosion thereby protecting the steel hull. (Oliver M. Siebert, B.et al; 1997) (3) Pitting- This is a highly localized form of corrosion. Usually materials are given a good surface finish to prevent its occurrence. The rate of corrosion in such cases is difficult to predict because once the corroding point breaks through the surface finish the material degradation progresses in a rapid manner. This proceeds by forming a pit and in an oxygenated atmosphere its activity is increased. Slag inclusion and entrapment of air during welding and formation of bubbles in pipes and valves during liquid flow all lead to pitting corrosion. (4) Inter-granular Corrosion-This is a form of corrosion which happens in alloying materials. Since alloys are a mix of different metals, the impurities tend to accumulate at the grain boundaries during heat treatment. This leads to propagation of corrosion although the amount of material corroded is small. (Oliver M. Siebert, B.et al; 1997) (5) Stress induced corrosion- This form of corrosion proceeds when materials are subjected to highly stressed environments. After a welding process, there will always be residual stresses that need to be relieved by post weld heat treatment. Failure to do so will lead to these stresses creating cracks and fissures in the welds. Materials that are subjected to repeated cyclic loads may fail due to fatigue stresses that are generated with time. Under such conditions the

Head Trauma Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Head Trauma - Research Paper Example . What then becomes the main question is to what extent the current NFL will attempt to ameliorate the risks that recent studies have indicated. As such, this brief research paper will consider the following three research areas as a means of drawing inference upon the main research question: 1) to what extent has mental health evaluations of current and former NFL players revealed with regards to the health consequences of frequent and prolonged head injuries, 2) to what extent has this level of long-term head injury been discussed and researched within the medical community, 3) what preventative measures, both in the way that the game is played, coached, and recruited can help to ameliorate this risk and are any of these approaches likely to take hold within the current environment that defines today’s NFL. It can be seen that for the most part the level of analysis that has been performed, regarding the long-term effects of head trauma, has made it fairly evident that there is a clear and identifiable link between head trauma and mental health issues and/or neurological disorders. ... It does not take a large body of research to realize that the game of football is filled with heavy impacts and oftentimes characterized by head trauma (Jarret 1). Still, the shareholders within the decision making branches of the process sought little action with regards to seeking to identify and possibly ameliorate the broad range of known mental health issues that were beginning to show themselves within current and past players. Instead, the issue was subsequently swept under the rub as it was determined that the bad press and negative image that this could present to the game as well as the marked reduction in overall profits were too costly. Yet, as it became increasingly clear from an array of highly publicized issues, the sports and medical communities could no longer ignore the role that head trauma played within the National Football League. As a function of this level of exposure, the medical community began to focus more and more specifically on the level to which mental health issues were a direct result of the injuries and trauma sustained on the field of play. As the level and body of overall knowledge continued to grow and advance, medical practitioners and sports science specialists alike came to be aware of the true nature in which mental health was irrevocably linked to the ways in which players were repeatedly injured on the field and projected these injuries long after their short careers had drawn to a close (Tamney 5). This information leads the analysis to a fundamental juncture of understanding. It appears, from the research that has thus far been conducted, that key shareholders within the institution of professional

Moral choices Essay Example for Free

Moral choices Essay Miller shows several characters who are faced with difficult moral choices. They are changed by the experience and the audience go through catharsis watching them. How does millers treatment of moral issues add to the drama? In this essay I will write about how Arthur Miller, director of The Crucible uses moral issues in the play to add to the drama and the thrilling scenes throughout the play. Every character in the play is faced with at least one or more moral issues, I will look at the main characters issues and explain how it adds to the drama. In the play we see the events of the Salem trials in Massachusetts and we see exactly what the characters get up to and what issues face them throughout. The play was written in thought of the more recent events of the time in which it was made. Arthur Miller wanted to show the people what came of passing blame onto other people to try and get them to think right and treat people correctly. In 1938 the House un-American Activities Committee Organization was made; it had the power to investigate any movement or person who threatened the safety of the state. They looked for people who agreed with communism in the 1940s. America and the USSR were fighting, America was helping Korea to keep the freedom. America was worried that communism would spread to there land and that capitalism would be destroyed. People were asked if they were communist sympathizers and sometimes charged. They were also asked if they knew anyone else who went to meeting, and then forced to give there name. Actors, writers and film directors appeared in the committee and lost there job and industry. This made Miller write the play so the view of what happened then would relate with what was happening at this time. The play was set in the 17th century, everything that we see today was much different then, although the society was a theocratic one just like today everything was different. The society had a massive male dominance and women were seen as much less than today. In the 17th century God was perceived as male and men were seen as the natural enforcers of his will. Women were seen as unstable because of there biological function. This was a time when peoples roles were clearly defined by gender. Women were made to walk with their head down and arms by their side. People werent aloud to indulge in anything that seemed to much fun, because they saw it as being related to the devil.

Geography of the Bahamas :: Essays Papers

Geography of the Bahamas The Bahamas are located in the Atlantic Ocean 49.7 miles (80 km) southeast of Florida and 49.7 miles (80 km) northeast of Cuba. Some neighboring islands to the Bahamas are Haiti and the Turks and Caicos Islands. Nassau, the capital of the Bahamas, is located on the island of New Providence. The Bahamas encompass 700 islands and 2,000 cays, yet 30 to 40 of them are inhabited (thebahamas.com). The Bahamas are a large scattered group of islands called an archipelago. The land mass covers an area of about 4,566 sq. miles (11,825 sq. km) (Thompson 27), roughly the size of New Jersey and Connecticut combined. The islands of the Bahamas cover approximately 259,000 square miles (670,810 sq. km) of ocean (countrystudies.us). The total coastline is 2,200 miles (3,542 km), which is about 25% of all the land that makes up the Bahamas (cia.gov). The coastlines are fringed with mangroves, lagoons and coral reefs. The foundation of the Bahamas is a mixture of fossil coral and sand. There is low scrub cover across many of the islands. The northern Bahamas are considered a savannah as it consists of flat grasslands on dry harsh lands. The highest point located in the Bahamas is Mt. Alvernia on Cat Island reaching a height of 320 feet (97.54 m) (cia.gov). The only river and fresh water lake in the entire archipelago is located on Andros Island. The climate of the Bahamas is a tropical marine system. There are only two seasons in the Bahamas. Summer includes the months of May through November, while the winter months consist of December through April. Both seasons are controlled by the warm Gulf Stream and the trade winds. Moderate temperatures range from a low of 60Â °F and a high of 90Â °F (thebahamas.com). In the summer, the sea temperature is consistent around 80Â °F and generally 74Â °F by mid winter (thebahamas.com). The Bahamas get 132 cm (25 inches) of rainfall annually which mostly occurs from the occasional summer showers (Thompson 28). More often than not these rainfalls are followed by numerous days of sunshine and clear skies. Winds tend to blow easterly and rarely reach speeds greater than 13 mph creating those warm balmy sea breezes.

A Newborn Is Thrown in the Trash and Dies

A Newborn Thrown in the Trash and Dies is a thought provoking, gut wrenching tale about an infant who is born to a teenage mother that lives in a housing project in New York and is thrown down the trash, down ten floors to thecompactor chute to its death. The story is narrated by the unnamed infant who is the subject of the story. She is the sympathetic character as she describes her projected lifehas horrible as her certain death. She doesn’t seem bitter about dying, she feels sympathy for the mother who put her in the trash and accepts her life as being â€Å"how it is,† as she doesn’t know any better. As she passes each floor she shares the peek that she is given, from learning that people talk out of both sides of their mouths, political power, her molestation, and even the death of her brother. The infant almost gives the reader the idea that her life will be just as tragic as her death and wouldn’t change anything. She would just be one of many stories published in the paper. She believes that a Russian on the other side of the world is going through the same thing, that even though they are from different countries they have poverty in common. This is true today, we hear horrible stories about things that happen to children and the people of the city have become numb to its affects. For example, children are abducted from the city all of the time and it is reported, right after the story the news anchors switches gears and gives the weather as if they were not affected by what they have just reported. It seems that it is as easy to them as reporting rain or a traffic jam, they seem unaffected which is conveys to the listening audience. Those of us who are affected will be for a short time, but not enough to where we will feel that we need to do something about it. Life will continue to go on as it always has and stories like these will continue to occur. The story makes me question what I have become numb to and what do I consider normal. When I watch the news I almost expect to see where someone is murdered in the city. What is wrong with me, us, society? The story describes that there have been nine babies discarded in 1990 and as of August of the following year seven discarded babies were discovered. How ironic is it that the name of her housing project where she is born and dies is called the Gerald J. Carey Gardens. A garden is a place where seeds are planted, nurtured and tended, the total opposite of what was happening to her.

What Happened During The Salem Witch Trials - 1300 Words

What Happened During the Salem Witch Trials? The Salem Witch Trials were a tragic time in the history of America. The witch trials officially began in February 1692. In January 1692, eleven-year-old Abigail Williams and nine-year-old Elizabeth (Betty) Parris in Salem Village, Massachusetts, began experiencing fits, including violent distortions and uncontrollable outpourings of screaming. Doctor William Griggs diagnosed the two girls with bewitchment. Puritans believed that a witch must draw an individual under a spell in order to become bewitched; therefore, the girls could not have brought this upon themselves. Soon, they were questioned and forced to name their oppressors. The two girls named the women in which they believed had†¦show more content†¦It was rescinded due to colonists who had contravened many of the charter’s rules. In 1691, Mary and William of Orange, the new King and Queen of England, instead of reissuing the old charter, issued a new one that was more anti-religious. Also, they combined the Plymouth Colony, Massachusetts Bay Colony, and many more colonies into one. Since the accused witches were considered hazardous prisoners, they were held in the dungeon. They were chained to the walls because the jailers believed that this would keep their spirits from torturing their victims and escaping the jail. During the trials, not everyone in Salem supported the trials or believed in witchcraft. A local farmer, John Proctor, was one of many that ridiculed at the idea of witchcraft in Salem and called the small girls scam artists. Critics were often accused of witchcraft because it was believed that anyone who defended the accused or denied the existence of witches must be one, and were carried to trial. The Salem courthouse is where the witch trials were held. 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